Which process is responsible for the gradual building up of soil as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal matter?

The process responsible for the gradual buildup of soil as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal matter is known as humification. During humification, organic materials from dead plants and animals break down by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. This breakdown results in the formation of humus, a rich, dark organic component of soil that enhances its fertility.

Humus improves soil structure and water retention and provides essential nutrients for plants. The accumulation of humus is vital for soil health and greatly contributes to the overall ecosystem by supporting plant growth and soil biodiversity. This process is distinct from weathering and erosion, which involve the physical breakdown and removal of soil and rock but do not specifically relate to the addition of organic matter through decomposition.