Which molecule contains the genetic information and makes up chromosomes?

The molecule that contains genetic information and makes up chromosomes is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA is a long molecule composed of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of genetic information. This structure contains the instructions needed for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Within the cells, DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes, which ensure the correct distribution of genetic material during cell division. Each chromosome carries a specific set of genes, which are sections of DNA that encode particular proteins or traits.

While RNA plays a crucial role in the process of translating genetic information from DNA into proteins, it does not contain the genetic information itself nor does it form chromosomes. Proteins are the products of gene expression, and carbohydrates serve various roles in cellular structure and energy storage but are not involved in storing genetic instruction. Therefore, DNA is the key molecule when discussing genetic information and chromosomal structure.