What is defined as the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a certain time and location?

Weather is defined as the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a specific time and location. It encompasses a variety of elements, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure, that can change from minute to minute or hour to hour. For example, a sunny day can quickly turn into a rainstorm, which emphasizes the dynamic nature of weather.

This differs from climate, which refers to the long-term average of weather conditions in a particular area over an extended period, typically 30 years or more. Atmospheric pressure is a specific measurement related to the weight of the atmosphere above a given point, and season refers to the divisions of the year based on changes in weather patterns and daylight hours, usually categorized into four periods: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Thus, weather captures the immediate atmospheric state, making it the correct answer in this context.