What is an aquifer?

An aquifer is defined as a layer of rock or sediment that is capable of storing and transmitting groundwater. This makes it a crucial component of the hydrological cycle, as aquifers act as natural reservoirs for fresh water that can be tapped for irrigation, drinking water, and other uses. The geological composition of an aquifer, often made up of permeable materials like sand, gravel, or porous rock, allows water to flow through it and accumulate. This characteristic enables the aquifer to serve as a reliable source of water, especially in regions where surface water is scarce. Understanding aquifers is important for resource management and environmental conservation, as they play a vital role in maintaining groundwater supplies.