In terms of environmental water flow, what does infiltration specifically refer to?

Infiltration specifically refers to the process by which water enters the soil from the surface, particularly as surface runoff accumulates. When precipitation falls to the ground, some of it flows over the surface, but a portion seeps into the soil. This movement of water from the surface into the soil is crucial for replenishing groundwater supplies and maintaining soil moisture, which is vital for plant growth and ecosystem health.

The role of infiltration is significant in the water cycle, as it contributes to groundwater recharge, influences agricultural productivity, and affects surface water levels. Understanding infiltration helps in managing water resources and mitigating issues like flooding and soil erosion, emphasizing its importance in environmental science.